effect of kaolin application on growth, water use efficiency, and leaf epidermis characteristics of physallis peruviana seedlings under two irrigation regimes

the anatomical and epidermal characteristics, as well as the physiological response, of 'colombia' ecotype cape gooseberry plants treated or untreated with foliar applications of kaolin at 2 irrigation levels (well-irrigated plants vs. water-stressed plants) were evaluated. relative water content (rwc), stomatal density, and chlorophyll index were reduced under water stress. water stress increased leaf temperature and trichome density. in water-stressed plants, the foliar application of kaolin decreased transpiration rates, leaf temperature, trichome density, and leaf thickness. kaolin also improved the plant height, total plant dry mass, water-use efficiency, and increased stomatal density in water-stressed plants. the results suggest that kaolin may be a useful tool to mitigate the negative effects of water stress and may improve the efficient use of water in cape gooseberry plants with especial water conditions.